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Risk factors (and odds ratios) for complex regional pain syndrome (formally reflex sympathetic dystrophy): injury (OR 2.96), open wound on the upper limb (OR 1.25), nerve and spinal cord injury (OR 2.42); muscle and joint sprain or strain (OR 1.69); superficial injury (OR 1.23), and contusion (OR 1.44) but not fracture increased risk of complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Pract. 2014 May 7    (retrieved May, 2014). There are currently 1090 pearls in the database. While every attempt has been made to ensure accuracy, mistakes can and do occur. Use databank at your own risk. All pearls © 2024 by the Internet Medical Association. Click Here to view more medical pearls.